Effective Hadoop security relies on a holistic approach centered on the five pillars of security: administration, authentication and perimeter security, authorization, auditing, and data protection.
What are the security features in Hadoop?
Hadoop security features consist of authentication, service level authorization, web console authentication, and data confidentiality.
Which of the following are pillars of Hadoop?
We know that Hadoop has three components: HDFS, MapReduce, and Yarn.
What are the steps to achieve security in Hadoop?
The first step in securing an Apache Hadoop cluster is to enable encryption in transit and in storage. Because authentication and Kerberos rely on secure communications, encryption of data in transit must be enabled before authentication and Kerberos can be enabled.
What is Hadoop default security?
By default, Hadoop runs in a non-secure mode that does not require actual authentication. By configuring Hadoop to run in secure mode, each user and service must be authenticated by Kerberos in order to use the Hadoop service.
What is the most preferred way of authentication in Hadoop?
Hadoop has the ability to require authentication in the form of a Kerberos principal. Kerberos is an authentication protocol that allows nodes to identify themselves using “tickets”.
Is Hadoop a secure way to manage data?
Hadoop is not secure for enterprises from the outset. Nevertheless, it comes with several built-in security features such as Kerberos authentication, HDFS file permissions, service level authentication, audit logs, and network encryption. These must be set up and configured via sysadmin.
What are the five pillars of security in HDP?
Effective Hadoop security relies on a holistic approach centered on the five pillars of security: administration, authentication and perimeter security, authorization, auditing, and data protection.
What are the Hadoop components?
Hadoop has three components Hadoop HDFS – The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is the storage unit. Hadoop MapReduce – Hadoop MapReduce is the processing unit. Hadoop YARN – Yet Another Resource Negotiator (YARN) is the resource management unit.
What is encryption in Hadoop?
The latest versions of Hadoop support encryption. Encrypted zones can be created. Data transferred to these zones is automatically encrypted, and data retrieved from these zones is automatically decrypted. This is also referred to as REST data encryption.
What is the most common form of authentication?
Passwords are the most common method of authentication. Passwords can be in the form of strings of letters, numbers, or special characters. To protect yourself, you should create a strong password that combines all possible options.
What is Hadoop configuration?
Configuration Files are the files which are located in the extracted tar. gz file in the etc/hadoop/ directory. All Configuration Files in Hadoop are listed below, 1) HADOOP-ENV.sh->>Specify environment variables that affect the JDK used by the Hadoop Daemon (bin/hadoop).
What is Kerberos in Hadoop?
Kerberos mode, introduced to the Hadoop ecosystem, provides a secure Hadoop environment. The Kerberos service consists of a client-server architecture that provides secure transactions over the network. The service provides strong user authentication as well as integrity and privacy.
What is pig Latin in Hadoop?
Apache Pig is a high-level platform for creating programs that run on Apache Hadoop. The language of this platform is called Pig Latin. Pig can run Hadoop jobs in MapReduce, Apache Tez, or Apache Spark.
What is KDC authentication?
KDC “tickets” provide mutual authentication, allowing nodes to prove their identity to each other in a secure manner. Kerberos authentication uses traditional shared secret cryptography to prevent packets traveling over the network from being read or modified.
What is throughput in Hadoop?
Throughput is the amount of work done in a unit of time. HDFS provides superior throughput because: in Hadoop, tasks are divided into different blocks and processing is done independently in parallel. Therefore, HDFS has a higher throughput due to parallel processing.
Where is the data of Hive table located?
Data loaded into the Hive database is stored in the HDFS path – /user/hive/warehouse. If no location is specified, all metadata is stored in this path by default.
What are the two main components of Hadoop?
HDFS (storage) and YARN (processing) are the two core components of Apache Hadoop.
What are the three important components of HDFS?
HDFS consists of three key components NAMENODE, DATANODE, and a secondary NAMENODE. HDFS operates in a master-slave architecture model where the NAMENODE acts as the master node for tracking storage clusters, and the DATANODE acts as a slave node that totals to the various systems in the Hadoop cluster.
How many types of cyber security are there?
Cybersecurity can be categorized into five different types of critical infrastructure security Application Security. Network Security.
What are the major areas of security management?
There are three primary areas or classifications of security controls. These include administrative security, operational security, and physical security controls.
What are the key features of HDFS?
HDF Features
- Data replication. This is used to ensure that data is always available and to prevent data loss.
- Fault tolerance and reliability.
- High availability.
- Scalability.
- High throughput.
- Data locality.
How does Hadoop store data?
Hadoop stores data in HDFS-Hadoop Distributed File System. HDFS is Hadoop’s primary storage system for very large files running on clusters of commodity hardware. It works on the principle of storage of a small number of large files, not a huge number of small files.
What is a rack in HDFS?
What is a rack? A rack is nothing more than a collection of 30-40 data nodes or machines in a Hadoop cluster in a single data center or location. These data nodes in a rack are connected to the namenodes via traditional network design via network switches. Large Hadoop clusters have multiple racks.
What is Hadoop architecture?
Hadoop is a framework that permits the storage of large amounts of data on a node system. The Hadoop architecture allows for parallel processing of data using several components; HadoopHDFS stores data across slave machines. Hadoop Yarn for resource management of Hadoop clusters.
How do I know my HDFS encryption zone?
Encryption key is used to make the directory an encrypted zone. When finished, NameNode recognizes the folder as an HDFS encryption zone. To verify the creation of a new encryption zone, run the Crypto -Listzones command as an HDFS administrator: -Listzones.
How do I give permission to HDFS folder?
Procedure
- Create the HDFS directory /user/serviceUser/.
- Read, write, and execute the ServiceUser permissions that provide the /user /serviceUser directory.
- Set Active Directory (AD) Permissions.
- Set permissions for the temporary directory HDFS /TMP.
What are the four types of authentication?
Four Factor Authentication (4FA) is the use of four types of identity converging credentials, typically categorized as knowledge, possession, intrinsic, and location factors.
What are two types of authentication?
What are the types of authentication?
- Single Factor/ Primary Authentication.
- Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
- Single Sign-On (SSO)
- Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
- Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)
- Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (Chap)
- Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
Which protocol is used by NameNode for communication with data node?
The client communicates with Namenode in a Hadoop cluster using the RPC protocol. Similarly, Namenode with cluster exchange data Datanodes using the RPC protocol.
Which component enforces a common set of policies across multiple data access paths in Hadoop?
Apache Hadoop Apache Ranger enforces the security policies available in the policy database.
What is Hadoop core-site?
Core Site. The xml file informs the Hadoop daemon where the NameNode is running in the cluster. It contains Hadoop Core configuration settings, including I/O settings common to HDFS and MapReduce. hdfs site.
How do I enable Kerberos authentication in Hadoop?
You must restart the Hadoop daemon on the compute client for the changes to take effect.
- Configure the krb5.conf file.
- Modify the hdfs-site.xml file.
- Modify the core-site.xml file for authentication and authorization.
- Modify the mapred site.
- Test the Kerberos connection to the cluster.
What is Kerberos and how it works?
In our world, Kerberos is a computer network authentication protocol first developed in the 1980s by computer scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The idea behind Kerberos is to authenticate users while preventing passwords from being transmitted over the Internet.
What does the acronym AAA stand for?
The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) is the principal New Deal program in U.S. history to restore agricultural prosperity during the Great Depression by cutting farm production, reducing export surpluses, and raising prices.
What is Mapper code?
Mapper Code : Use the brackets to define the data types of the input and output key/value pairs after the class declaration. Both input and output of Mapper are key/value pairs. Input: The key is nothing more than the offset of each line in a text file: LongWritable.
Is Pig an ETL tool?
Pig is used to run ETL jobs in Hadoop. It saves you the trouble of writing MapReduce code in Java, but its syntax may seem familiar to SQL users [6]. Pig is one of the easiest scripting languages to write, understand, and maintain.
What is SSO username?
Single Sign-On (SSO) is a session and user authentication service that allows users to access multiple applications using a single set of login credentials (e.g., name and password).
What is LDAP in Active Directory?
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an application protocol for working with various directory services. Directory services, such as Active Directory, store user and account information and security information such as passwords.
What is encryption in Hadoop?
The latest versions of Hadoop support encryption. Encrypted zones can be created. Data transferred to these zones is automatically encrypted, and data retrieved from these zones is automatically decrypted. This is also referred to as REST data encryption.
In which layer data is at rest?
REST is truly Layer 7.
What is data latency?
Data latency is the time it takes to store or retrieve a data packet. In Business Intelligence (BI), data latency is the time it takes for business users to retrieve source data from a data warehouse or BI dashboard.
Which storage does Hive use?
Query data stored in distributed storage solutions such as Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) or Amazon S3. Hive stores database and table metadata in a metastore. A metastore is a database or file-based store that facilitates data abstraction and discovery.
What are the goals of Hadoop?
Hadoop (hadoop.apache.org) is an open source, scalable solution for distributed computing that allows organizations to distribute computing power across many systems. The goal of Hadoop is to process large amounts of data simultaneously and return results quickly.
What are three features of Hadoop?
Reasons for Hadoop’s popularity
- Open Source: Hadoop is open source. This means it is free to use.
- Highly scalable clusters: Hadoop is a highly scalable model.
- Fault tolerance is available:
- High availability is provided.
- Cost-effectiveness:
- Hadoop provides flexibility:
- Easy to use:.
- Hadoop uses data locality.
Where are HDFS files stored?
First find the hadoop directory that resides in /usr /lib. There you will find the etc/hadoop directory where all the configuration files reside. In that directory you will find the HDFS site. An XML file containing all the details of the HDF.
What are key elements of security?
It relies on five key elements: confidentiality, integrity, availability, trustworthiness, and non-deductibility.
What are the 5 cybersecurity domains?
The five domains of the NIST Security Framework. The five domains of the NIST Framework are the pillars that support the creation of a holistic and successful cybersecurity plan. They include identification, protection, detection, response, and recovery.